Answer
Qutuz served as the Mamluk vice-sultan of Egypt and Syria for 20 years before he became the sultan in 1259. He was a former slave who rose through the ranks of the Mamluk military to become one of the most powerful men in Egypt. Qutuz was a skilled military commander and led the Mamluk army to victory over the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260.