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In 1952, Selman Waksman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis. Streptomycin revolutionized the treatment of tuberculosis, significantly reducing mortality rates and improving the quality of life for millions of people worldwide. Waksman's discovery marked a major breakthrough in the field of medicine and paved the way for the development of numerous other antibiotics.