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John was the anglicized first name of Mikhail Atalla, an Egyptian-American physicist and engineer. Born in Asyut, Egypt, Atalla's family immigrated to the United States when he was a child. He made significant contributions to the development of the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor, which is the foundation of modern integrated circuits. Atalla's work earned him numerous awards and accolades, including the National Medal of Science in 1989.