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Raymond Davis Jr., born on October 14, 1914, was an American chemist who shared the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics for his pioneering contribution to astrophysics, specifically for the detection of cosmic neutrinos, along with Masatoshi Koshiba and Riccardo Giacconi. His breakthrough experiments ushered in a new era of neutrino astronomy, allowing scientists to explore the universe in a previously unparalleled way.