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Founder of Egyptology, Jean-François Champollion was a French philologist and linguist who deciphered the Rosetta Stone, a key to understanding ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. His work laid the foundation for the field of Egyptology, enabling scholars to translate ancient Egyptian texts and gain insights into the civilization's history, culture, and beliefs. Champollion's groundbreaking discovery revolutionized the understanding of ancient Egypt and established Egyptology as a legitimate academic discipline.