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Algoritmo, the Portuguese term for algorithm, originates from the name of the 9th-century Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi. Al-Khwarizmi's seminal work on algebra, known as "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing," introduced systematic methods for solving linear and quadratic equations. His contributions to mathematics and computer science laid the foundation for the development of algorithms, which are step-by-step procedures for solving problems and performing computations.