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Venki Ramakrishnan was born in 1952. He is an Indian-born British-American structural biologist who shared the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada Yonath for their studies on the structure and function of the ribosome. Ramakrishnan's research has focused on the structure and function of the ribosome, which is a complex molecular machine that translates genetic information into proteins.