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Pierre Duhem and Willard Van Orman Quine jointly developed the Duhem-Quine thesis. Introduced in the late 19th century, this philosophical notion proposes the underdetermination of scientific theories by empirical evidence. Simply put, Thesis asserts that multiple theoretical explanations can adequately account for observed phenomena without definitive empirical validation. This influential concept challenges scientific realism and supports methodological pluralism in scientific inquiry.