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Sparta became Xenophon's adopted city-state. After his exile from Athens, he fought alongside the Spartans in the Peloponnesian War. His military experience and admiration for Spartan society led to his close association with the city-state. Xenophon wrote extensively about Sparta, praising its military prowess, discipline, and social order. His writings provide valuable insights into the culture and history of this influential Greek city-state.