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The Palmyrene Empire, once governed by Queen Zenobia, emerged in the 3rd century as a formidable force in the ancient world. Centered in the city of Palmyra, modern-day Syria, this empire challenged the dominance of the Roman Empire, expanding its territory across parts of the Middle East. Despite its grandeur, the Palmyrene Empire's reign was short-lived, as it was ultimately conquered by the Romans in 272 AD.