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The four Rightly Guided Caliphs (also known as the Rashidun Caliphs) were the first four leaders of the Islamic community after the death of Muhammad. They are Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali ibn Abi Talib. The Rashidun Caliphate was a period of great expansion for Islam, as the Muslim armies conquered vast territories in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia.