Answer
Duvalier declared himself as President for Life after winning a sham election in 1964. He had previously been elected president in 1957, but his term was extended in 1961 by a referendum. The 1964 election was widely seen as fraudulent, with Duvalier's opponents being harassed and intimidated. Duvalier's declaration as President for Life marked the beginning of a 29-year dictatorship that was characterized by human rights abuses and economic mismanagement.