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Gerald Brosseau Gardner was born on 13 June 1884 in Blundellsands, Lancashire, England. He was a British occultist, writer, and ceremonial magician who founded Wicca, a modern pagan religion based on pre-Christian beliefs and practices. Gardner's writings on Wicca, including The Meaning of Witchcraft (1954), helped to popularize the religion in the United Kingdom and the United States.