Answer
Gyanendra's second reign began in 2001. Gyanendra ascended to the throne on 21 June 2001 after his brother Birendra and the entire royal family were killed in a massacre. Gyanendra's reign was marked by political instability and economic decline. In 2006, a popular uprising forced Gyanendra to relinquish his absolute powers and restore the parliament. In 2008, Nepal became a republic.