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Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was the name of the kingdom established by Hong Xiuquan. Hong, a Hakka Chinese, led a rebellion against the Qing dynasty, which ruled China from 1644 to 1912. The rebellion began in 1850 and lasted for over a decade, during which time the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom controlled much of southern China. The kingdom was eventually defeated by the Qing dynasty in 1864.