What did Polanyi argue against?
Positivism
Relativism
Empiricism
Idealism
Answer
Positivism, a philosophical approach that emphasizes objective observation and logical reasoning, was strongly opposed by Michael Polanyi. Polanyi argued that positivism's reliance on detached observation ignored the role of subjective experience and tacit knowledge in scientific inquiry. He emphasized the importance of personal involvement, intuition, and the role of the researcher's beliefs and values in shaping scientific understanding.
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