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Who did Mu'awiya rely on domestically during his reign?

  • Loyalist Syrian Arab tribes and Syria's Christian-dominated bureaucracy

  • Foreign alliances

  • Mercenaries

  • Only his close family

Answer

Mu'awiya, the first Umayyad caliph, relied on loyalist Syrian Arab tribes and Syria's Christian-dominated bureaucracy to maintain his power. The tribes were loyal to Mu'awiya because he had been a tribal leader before becoming caliph, and they benefited from his policies, which included tax breaks and military protection.
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