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Mu'awiya I, a member of the Umayyad family, was the first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate. He was the governor of Syria under the Rashidun Caliphs and became caliph after the death of Ali in 661. Mu'awiya's reign saw the consolidation of Umayyad power in the Middle East and North Africa. He also founded the Umayyad capital of Damascus.